ABC in medicine is not just a letter of the alphabet, it is a principle of emergency management. ABC in question stands for Airways, Breathing and Circulation. The ABC principles are applied when dealing with an emergency, namely:

 

A: Airway Control

The first thing to do is to check the victim’s airway. Airway is the first priority in the ABC principle. If there is a disturbance in the respiratory tract, it must be released immediately, because humans cannot survive without breathing oxygen for more than 3 minutes. Lay the victim on his back and make sure the airway is open. If the victim has a broken spine or broken neck, please lie on your side to prevent the injury from getting worse. The sideways position can also be used to prevent fluid from blocking the airway.

 

B: Breathing Support

Respiratory support Second, check the victim’s breathing pattern to see if there is a problem with his breathing. If the victim seems to have difficulty breathing, do not hesitate to perform artificial respiration. There are three ways to use the mouth for artificial respiration: mouth to mouth or nose, mouth mask to CPR, and mouth to PPE. Artificial mouth breathing is done by closing the nose and holding the lower jaw, then blowing the air quite forcefully into the victim’s airway.

 

C : Circulatory Support

The last stage, check whether the blood circulation is smooth by checking the patient’s heart rate. If the patient loses consciousness, is not breathing, has no pulse and heartbeat, the victim will experience cardiac arrest. The next step is a cardiac pump or cardiac resuscitation. Do a heart massage like doing the pumping technique, with both hands pressing against the chest, supported by the knees.

 

Above is first aid that can save a person’s life. From the indications there are obstacles in the airway, breathing, and circulation. If there is disturbance in the area, do it immediately with ABC principles to avoid death.